Shattered Icons – Tracking the rise of iconoclasm in the 21st century
In recent years, the world has witnessed a surge in the destruction or desecration of iconic landmarks, artworks, and symbols, raising questions about the motivations behind such acts and the impact on society.
A History of Iconoclasm
- Early Christianity: In the early Christian era, iconoclastic movements sought to eradicate idolatry by destroying images of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and other saints.
- The Protestant Reformation: During the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Protestant reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin rejected the use of images in worship, leading to widespread destruction of art and artifacts.
- Nationalist Iconoclasm: In the early 20th century, nationalist movements in countries like Greece and Turkey sought to eliminate symbols associated with former rulers or occupying powers.
The Rise of Contemporary Iconoclasm
In recent years, iconoclastic tendencies have resurfaced, often driven by political, religious, or social motivations. Some notable examples include:
- ISIS Destruction: The Islamic State (ISIS) destroyed numerous ancient monuments and artifacts in Iraq and Syria, including the Temple of Baalshamin in Palmyra.
- FARC’s Colombian Landmarks: The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) attacked and damaged several historic landmarks, such as the Cathedral of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria in San Andrés Island.
- The Fall of Statues: In 2017, activists toppled Confederate monuments across the United States, sparking debates about racism and historical representation.
Motivations Behind Iconoclasm
While motivations for iconoclasm can vary widely, some common themes include:
- To erase a perceived cultural or ideological ‘other’
- To assert national or religious identity’
- To challenge societal norms and power structures
Conclusion
In the face of iconoclastic actions, it is essential to consider the cultural, historical, and social context in which they occur. By understanding the motivations behind such acts, we can work towards building a more inclusive and respectful society.
“The destruction of cultural heritage is not only a loss for the affected community but also a loss for humanity as a whole.” – Dr. Neil Brody, British Museum
Learn more about UNESCO’s efforts to preserve cultural heritage


